Conclusion
This 2-year follow-up trial in overweight/obese participants with NAFLD showed that both personalized energy-restricted dietary strategies, the AHA and the FLiO diets, were able to produce a weight loss within the range recommended by the AASLD for the treatment of liver steatosis. Moreover, both diets promoted the improvement in anthropometry, body composition, glycemic profile, leptin, adiponectin, and hepatic status parameters. Thus, these approaches may be suitable alternatives for personalized dietary treatment of NAFLD. However, the FLiO strategy might provide greater and more persistent improvements in metabolic and hepatic status.
Funding information
This research was funded by the Health Department of the Government of Navarra (61/2015), CIBERobn (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) (CB12/03/3002), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201630.10). BAM-A. was supported by predoctoral research grant from Consejo Nacional
Abbreviations
AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; AHA, American Heart Association; AIP, Atherogenic index of plasma; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARFI, acoustic radiation force impulse; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, Body Mass Index; DXA, dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; FLI, Fatty Liver Index; FLiO, Fatty Liver in Obesity; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; HSI, Hepatic Steatosis Index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MedDiet, Mediterranean Diet; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; TE, transient elastography; TyG, Triglycerides/Glucose index.
Trial registration number
NCT03183193 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to all the participants of the study as well as to Marta García-Granero, Veronica Ciaurriz, Vanessa Bullon-Vela, Cristina Galarregui, and to the professional staff of the FLiO study (CUN, CIN and CHN). The predoctoral research grant to BAM-A. from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) y el Estado de Michoacán is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank LABORATORIOS CINFA, S.A. and VISCOFAN, S.A. for financial support of the Centre for Nutrition Research. Finally, the authors wish to express their gratitude to the Government of Navarra, CIBERobn, and Fundació La Marató de TV3 for the financial support of the project.
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions.
Liver International. 2021;41(7):1532-1544. © 2021 Blackwell Publishing