Study |
Population |
Sample size |
Most common impaction |
Other impactions |
Gastrointestinal comorbidity |
Flexible esophagoscopy success rate (%) |
Flexible esophagoscopy complication rate (%) and types |
Webb1 |
USA |
242 |
Meat (59.9%) |
|
|
98.8% |
0% |
Li et al2 |
China |
1088 |
Food boluses |
|
Esophageal carcinoma, stricture, diverticulum, post gastrectomy, hiatal hernia, achalasia |
94.1% |
2.8%; mucosal laceration, bleeding, pyrexia, perforation |
Vicente et al3 |
Spain |
8 |
Meat (100%) |
|
Gastroesophageal reflux like vomiting, heartburn, respiratory tract disease (75%). No stenosis. Hiatal hernia (38%), esophagitis (75%), Schiatzki's ring (13%) |
|
|
Carr & Drennan4 |
USA |
64 |
Meat (92%) |
Orange (1.5%), vegetables (1.5%), pills (3%), bagel (1.5) |
Reflux strictures (66%), neuromuscular disease or dysmotility (3%), esophageal cancer (2%), no underlying pathology (29%) |
|
4%; retained meat, esophageal tear & subsequent death, mucosal tear, barium aspiration & infection |
Sperry et al5 |
USA |
548 |
Meat (25%) |
Food (31%), coin (21%), beans, fruit, vegetable (18%), unknown (5%) |
Eosinophilic esophagitis (9%), Gastroesophageal reflux disease/erosive esophagitis (15%), esophageal stricture (12%), hiatal hernia (11%), Schiatzki's ring (7%), cancer (2%), others (ulcer, Barrett's esophagus, prior surgery (20%) |
|
|
Crockett et al6 |
USA |
548 |
Meat (35%) |
Beans, fruit, vegetable (19%), coin (27%), bone (6%), pill (3%), battery (1%), toy (Legos, Lite Brite pieces) (1%), others (bottle cap, toothpick, blister pack of pills, pebble) (6%), unknown (3%) |
Schiatzki's ring (43%), peptic ulcer stricture (35%), hiatal hernia only (4%), miscellaneous (other strictures, webs, esophagitis, cancer, dysmotility) (7%), no abnormality (12%) |
|
|
Longstreth et al7 |
USA |
194 patients, 223 episodes |
Meat (85%) vegetable (3%), nuts, rice, egg sandwich, pastry (3%), fruit (2%), unspecified (8%) |
|
|
98% |
|
Gretarsdottir et al8 |
Iceland |
308 |
Meat (68%) |
Fish (12%), vegetable (4%), other (16%) |
Hiatal hernia (22%), reflux esophagitis (23%), stricture (45%), eosinophilic esophagitis (16%), malignancy (2%), Schiatzki's ring (12%), ring (7%), furrows (3%), normal esophagus (33%) |
98% |
Apart from minor bleeding, 1.9%: 1.3% patients aspiration, 0.3% esophageal perforation, 0.3% Boerhaave syndrome |