Answer
Answer
Antibody screening is routinely used in conjunction with typing and crossmatch before the administration of blood products, especially RBCs, to avoid transfusion reactions and to prevent notably decreased survival of transfused RBCs. It is also used in antenatal screening to detect the presence of antibodies in a pregnant woman's serum that could result in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Antibody screening may be performed in advance of a crossmatch to permit early recognition and identification of clinically significant antibodies and thereby permit selection of the appropriate crossmatch procedure and RBC units.
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Gel testing. Agglutination is graded on a scale from 0 to 4+. A: 4+ reaction = red blood cell agglutinates (RBCAs) remain at the top of the gel; B: 3+ reaction = RBCAs remain in the top half of the column; C: 2+ reaction = RBCAs are scattered throughout the column; D: 1+ reaction = RBCAs are primarily in the lower half of column; E: 0 = no agglutination and red blood cells pass all the way to the bottom.
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