Nanophthalmos
Pachymetry, A- and B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) are useful in helping to establish a diagnosis.
All glaucoma types
Pachymetry readings are important in all types of glaucoma, including childhood glaucoma, to adjust for IOP readings.
In a small study, the mean central corneal thickness of children with different types of childhood glaucoma was measured. According to this study, in 34 children with glaucoma, IOP was overestimated by 3 mm Hg or more in 41.2% of them. In children with Sturge-Weber syndrome, the mean central corneal thickness was 591.9 +/- 23.1 µm, and, in children with aniridia, the mean central corneal thickness was 754.5 +/- 92.6 µm. [7]
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Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome with iris atrophy, corectopia, and pseudopolycoria.
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Female patient with plexiform neurofibroma (NF-1). Upper right eyelid involvement, associated with ipsilateral buphthalmos. In Image A (left), patient is aged 8 months; in Image B (right), patient is aged 8 years.
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Female infant with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Facial port-wine nevus involves the left eyelid, associated with ipsilateral buphthalmos.